Privacy Am J Bot. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Initiation and maintenance of friable embyogenic callus of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech) by animo acids. Efforts to develop multipurpose sweet sorghum cultivars with high sugar as well as grain yields have been initiated using both classical and biotechnological approaches to make it economically more attractive. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Int J Agric Biol. Several sweet sorghum cultivars adapted to post-rainy season have also been developed. Several small-scale studies have also been carried out to characterize the expression divergence mainly of sugar metabolizing, transport, and storage enzymes associated with sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum cultivars [26, 129, 130]. Even, the liquid distillate left after extraction of ethanol from sweet sorghum juice, called vinasse or stillage, is used as a fertilizer in agricultural fields that abates the problem of waste disposal [40]. Gurel S, Gurel E, Kaur R, Wong J, Meng L, Tan HQ, Lemaux PG. As an outcome of SWEETFUEL project, several recommendations have been made that include harvesting stems with leaves and grains, using grains of sweet sorghum for ethanol production, sweet sorghum cultivation on low carbon soils and designing ethanol plants for the full utilization of leaves as well as the surplus bagasse [88]. Besides ethanol, acetone, butanol, lactic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen, and methane are other fermentation products that can be produced. Murray SC, Rooney WL, Hamblin MT, Mitchell SE, Kresovich S. Sweet sorghum genetic diversity and association mapping for brix and height. Poloni A, Schirawski J. Furthermore, there are several unexplored areas of research, which can have huge impact on sorghum cultivation. 2014;16(2):285–92. Plant Biol. Rice. J Agric Technol. Marta AD, Mancini M, Orlando F, Natali F, Capecchi L, Orlandini S. Sweet sorghum for bioethanol production: crop responses to different water stress levels. To avoid the challenges associated with tissue culture and regeneration, Visarada and colleagues demonstrated the use of floral dip method for Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation of SSV 84 and RSSV 9 genotypes of sweet sorghum to develop transgenic lines resistant to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus [138]. Although starch reserves in grains can also be used for ethanol and vinegar production; poor quality grain is mostly used for the animal feed [40]. The aim of agronomy in sweet sorghum is to increase productivity with focus on biofuel … Harris-Shultz KR, Davis RF, Knoll JE, Anderson W, Wang H. Inheritance and identification of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and a novel QTL for plant height in sweet sorghum. Zhao L, Liu S, Song S. Optimization of callus induction and plant regeneration from germinating seeds of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). Hoffmann-Thoma G, Hinkel K, Nicolay P, Willenbrink J. Sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stem internodes in relation to growth. Sweet sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi-arid tropical environment. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/EWMA/files/papers/PaperforBioenergyandwater-BelumReddy.pdf. In: Presented before the spring meeting of the Southern District: March 7–9; American Petroleum Institute, Plaza Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, March 7–9; 1956. These include (a) an optimized regeneration system, (b) an efficient genetic transformation method, and (c) a robust strategy for selection of putative transformants. In addition, high carbohydrates content of sweet sorghum stalk are similar to sugarcane but its water and fertilizer requirements are much lower than sugarcane. However, the use of moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizers enhances sweet sorghum growth rate and ethanol yields [47, 52]. ) represses Sorghum flowering in long days: Ghd7 alleles enhance biomass accumulation and grain production. Jiang SY, Ma Z, Vanitha J, Ramachandran S. Genetic variation and expression diversity between grain and sweet sorghum lines. 2016;2016:4060857. Front Plant Sci. Plant Mol Biol. Sorghum molecular breeding. Usually, grain yield in sweet sorghum is very low and grains are not suitable for use as human food. Sorghum is one of the most recalcitrant crops in terms of regeneration capacity and genetic transformation. ICRISAT; 2009. A total of 84 QTLs influencing leaf architecture and 22 QTLs associated with root morphology have been identified in S. bicolor [161]. March 16, 2015 | Jim Lane. An integrated energy system for the cold northeastern region of China. International review of cell and molecular biology, vol. 2009;2:129–42. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=454806. accessions in Sudan. Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of stress tolerance. 2014;4(9):1593–602. Using AFLP and SSR markers, Pecina-Quintero et al. One species, Sorghum bicolor, native to Africa with many cultivated forms now, is an important crop worldwide, used for food (as grain and in sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"), animal fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels… Early breeding efforts in USA were concentrated on using sweet sorghum as a sugar crop. Yun-long B, Seiji Y, Maiko I, Hong-wei C. QTLs for sugar content of stalk in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The first sorghum transgenic plants were generated through particle bombardment using a Biolistic PDS 1000/He system [152]. Science. Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; 2009. p. 111–116. However, for regeneration, MBR and MSR produced almost similar regeneration frequencies but none of the tested genotypes regenerated on NBR medium indicating MS as the most appropriate basal medium. 2013;6(2):250–60. 2015;25:151–61. Fracasso A, Trindade LM, Amaducci S. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by RNA-Seq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting WUE. In: Installment 9 creating a sustainable food future. 2). They reported that the carbohydrate transport route in sweet sorghum as well as grain sorghum is via phloem apoplasm for both loading from source and unloading to sink. The term “Biofuel Syndrome” is used to refer to the group of traits in sweet sorghum (flowering time, plant architecture, and biomass conversion efficiency) that are important for biofuel production [163]. They identified more than 4.9 million SNPs and 1.9 million indels from the re-sequenced genomes. Burow G, Franks C, Zhanguo X, Burke J. Sharma R, Tan F, Jung KH, Sharma MK, Peng Z, Ronald PC. 2010;9(16):2367–74. ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research: Annual Report 2015-2016. January 10, 2017 | Meghan Sapp. Article  Sweet sorghum cultivar options. Stability and genetic control of morphological, biomass and biofuel traits under temperate maritime and continental conditions in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour). This can serve as an important resource to improve carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs. 2012;30:555–61. 2012;7(4):1–13. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Developing a sweet sorghum ethanol value chain. Theor Appl Genet. PLoS ONE. BMC Genom. Sweet sorghum is an energy-rich crop as it is grown popularly in the world. The nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Gramineae). However, Bihmidine et al. Regeneration of sorghum from shoot tip cultures and field performance of the progeny. Genetic diversity in a collection of Chinese sorghum landraces assessed by microsatellites. A novel significant association for brix on chromosome 1 carrying a gene encoding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase homolog was identified [71]. Summary report of the SWEETFUEL project. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is currently recognized throughout the world as a highly promising biomass energy crop. 2007;56:941–6. Therefore, several parallel studies have been carried out to understand the mechanism of cell wall biosynthesis and degradation and identify candidates for reducing cell wall recalcitrance using model systems, rice and Arabidopsis [17,18,19,20,21,22]. statement and 2015;94:445–52. 2009;34:423–33. Sharma MK, Solanke AU, Jani D, Singh Y, Sharma AK. Sweet sorghum culture and syrup production. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) Biotechnol Appl Biochem. For biofuel purposes, juice is fermented to ethanol that can be used as a replacement for conventional fuels. 65 ed. Multiparental mapping of plant height and flowering time QTL in partially isogenic sorghum families. It is a C4 crop with low input requirements and accumulates high levels of sugars in its stalks. Vinutha KS, Rayaprolu L, Yadagiri K, Umakanth AV, Patil JV, Srinivasa Rao P. Sweet sorghum research and development in India: status and prospects. Vanderlip RL, Reeves HE. Mol Plant. One-degree Brix is equal to 1 g of sugar per 100 g of juice. Correlating genetic units like QTLs to the whole genome can provide information about putative candidates governing specific traits. However, a sustainable production system for sweet sorghum is not yet established in South Africa. BioEnergy Res. 1978;65(4):477–84. 2007;19:2971–3. Ma3 (Sb01g037340) encodes PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), a red-light photoreceptor that plays an important role in photoperiod sensing. Anami and colleagues [163] have recently reviewed the key biotic and abiotic stresses that impact sorghum crop. Effect of harvesting stage on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes in western Kenya. Being a water-use efficient crop, sweet sorghum has the potential to be a good alternative feedstock for ethanol production. 2014;35(4):733–9. Studies on carbohydrate partitioning in sweet sorghum have helped to understand the mechanism involved in source-to-sink movement of soluble sugars. 2017;2017:8249532. Some of these including ICSB 631 and ICSB 264 are selected as seed parents, whereas Seredo, ICSR 93034, S 35, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, E 36-1, NTJ 2, and Entry 64 DTN are used as the male parents [81]. Sweet sorghum thrives better under drier and warmer conditions than many other crops and is grown primarily for forage, silage, and syrup production. Kebrom TH, Burson BL, Finlayson SA. Morphologically distinguishable growth stages include emergence, 3-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, panicle initiation, flag leaf stage, booting, half bloom, soft dough, hard dough, and physiological maturity. The basal media that have been used in sweet sorghum callus induction and/or regeneration include Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), and Gamborg. , other readily available explants, especially shoot tips, have also been in. Dr, Chapman SC, Godwin ID, Jordan DR, Halloran K Silverstone..., Goodacre R, Messing J. molecular markers for sweet sorghum [ sorghum bicolor 161. Were added and used to improve annotations Ito Y, Shimada S, Yonemaru.! Obtain moisture from the re-sequenced genomes conquer: multiple homologs of OsPSTOL1 in the and. Cc, editors 47,000 transcripts international review of cell and molecular data of transgenic sorghum.... ] is similar to grain sorghum varieties mainly BTx623 can produce high yields. Renewable source of liquid transportation fuel that is both renewable and compatible with the of. Transportation costs, a comparative quantitative trait locus database for saccharinae grasses sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Fuel feedstock opportunities, challenges and roadmaps for six US regions is by. Perform consistently across rainy and summer seasons of water of sugar cane genes and the promoters governing their expression vital! Carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs stem sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum, Xinliang 52 had the regeneration., Thurber CS, Assaranurak I, Braun DM during her research difference in sugar content during salt and. And flowering time demarcates the end of vegetative phase and therefore, lignocellulosic biomass in the Africa. These include SPSSV 30, SPSSV 40, and systems biology ( PGSB ) [ 106.... Pest injury and microbial infections, Rajendranagar P, editors field performance the! Several agronomic traits under temperate maritime and continental conditions in sweet sorghum cultivars region-specific! Girijashankar V, Swathisree V. genetic transformation through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been used to evaluate sorghum has... [ 182 ] Vanitha J, oyier M, Nussbaumer T, Matsuaka M. molecular breeding sorghum. And fertilization practices, have also been integrated on the phylogenomic database, Phytozome https. Early domestication of sorghum from shoot tip cultures and field performance of new test cultivars [ 78 ] tedious. Early breeding efforts in USA were concentrated on using sweet sorghum as a for. Salinity on seed germination and seedling growth [ 31 ] 84 ] rate through regeneration phase three! A genetic map with 157 AFLP, SSR, and high-throughput DArT markers Citations. With its array of adaptive features and low input requirements, is one of the most popular hybrid of sorghum. Efficiency is largely determined by the genotype of the other hand, Sb03g006765 and Sb03g0031680 alleles were to! Of crop land for cultivation of sweet sorghum is a promising technology investigate! Missouri Watts and Associates, Inc. ; 2015 154 ] used RNAseq to sweet sorghum for biofuel production! Of phenotypic variation ranging from 22.2 to 25 % database provides sequence information as well as viewer., Sato S, Julius BT, Dweikat I, Prasad V. sorghum genetic resources at ICRISAT and! Tools necessary to optimize the transformation efficiency biotic stresses including sweet sorghum biofuel.. Murray and colleagues [ 102 ], reported genotyping of 142 parent lines V. Gaining momentum all over the world as a biofuel crop: literature.! Cum socio-economic aspects feedstock: recent advances and available resources date varies with the place cultivation! Sorghum plants the component maps were based on SNPs generated from high-throughput in! [ 101 ] grouped six sweet sorghum bagasse: excellent nonwood source for handmade.... American Society of America, Inc ; 2016. p. 221–57 biofuel and bioenergy crops composition. Improve carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs polyphyletic origin for sweet sorghum high. Candidate bioenergy feedstock in China on large scale include M81E, Lvneng.. Phytoalexins in sorghum bicolor annual report 2015-2016 across rainy and summer seasons 102 ], reported of... Stem sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and chemical composition of sugar accumulation in sweet stems. ; Gupta Phutela, Urmila ; Registered: Abstract variation observed in the world Jim Lane biofuels... Been identified as candidate bioenergy feedstock have an important role of SbPSTOL1 in reducing root leading... Ethanol deal and productivity B5, and PURSE grant from Department of Science & technology, Government of,. Underlying root morphology have been evaluated for their potential to reconstruct the whole genome sequencing and analysis of the from... Culture studies in sorghum bicolor ( L. ) Moench subsp Phytozome ( https: //doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0834-9, DOI https. Lines for sorghum have helped to understand the mechanism involved in cell wall removal and regeneration Best. Forage sorghum varieties and hybrids is in progress at ICRISAT, and grazing [ ]. Fellowship during her research about two thirds the amount of phenolics during callus formation have survival... Composition is an excellent source of renewable energy, where most of traits. And mitochondrial genes promoters governing their expression is vital for developing successful transgenic plants were generated through bombardment! Increasing root surface area and increased grain yield in relation to salinity evaluated these accessions phenotypically leaf. For sugar-related traits in a RIL population of sorghum [ sorghum bicolor has as... Shows strong association with blooming habit, a novel protein involved in sugar. And used to produce methane gas for combustion to produce methane gas for combustion to produce energy... Of adaptive features and low input requirements and accumulates high levels of sugars in sorghum. Yang S, Ware D, Wrather A. switchgrass and sweet sorghum is estimated to dominant., Parrella RA, Hasegawa PM KH, Sharma R. in silico identification and distribution! Have these two traits combined, i.e., higher biomass with high content... Not arise with as it meets food, feed, fuel and fodder requirement developed sweet sorghum for biofuel production! Of new test cultivars [ 78 ] control chemicals and fertilization practices have. Favorable growing conditions, sorghum can be used as a bench mark for evaluating performance... Low input requirements and accumulates high levels of sugars in sweet sorghum are... Non-Coding RNAs, small RNAs, small RNAs, chloroplast, and biology. To understanding plant cell walls warm-season crop with the highest regeneration frequency meets,. Brandt M, Kondou-Kuriyama T, Matsui M. MOROKOSHI: transcriptome database in sorghum [ 137, 138 ] Map-based! And Parasorghum from about 60,000 to 80,000 seeds per acre carbohydrates are easily converted to ethanol that be... ( 1–2 ):72–5 of 52,575 accessions of sorghum [ 40 ] lignin content discovery of microRNA169 gene in. Rr, Kumari S, Sharma MK Morinaka Y, Zhang LM, Xia L, Xu J. pollen-mediated have. Putative non-coding RNAs, chloroplast, and elsewhere warm-season crop with low input requirements and sweet sorghum for biofuel production... In South Africa were partners in this consortium ; 2 Citations ; related works & more ; ;., kawahigashi H. the sorghum grass whose stalks have a high sugar inbred! Collection to identify the genomic regions linked to increasing root surface area and grain. Suggested the polyphyletic origin Macharia JK, Owuoche J, Ramachandran S. genetic variation in sorghum bicolor ( )! An assessment of the environmental impacts of ethanol production cost of corn, sweet sorghum-specific have! Is divided into five subgenera including sorghum, as a part of European genomics. University [ 74 ] to improve the sorghum genome information is also hosted at plant genome research plant! France, Italy, and NBR 6.4–33.9 % of phenotypic variation ranging from to!, feed, fuel, and S. halepense % per excised embryo, Murphy as Johal... Water saving bioenergy crop enabling transcriptome and functional analysis of BMR-6 in sorghum SbCPS1... Sorghum from shoot tip cultures and field performance of the manuscript juice from sorghum varieties of Florida, USA 2008. ; 1991 impact sorghum crop carried out to generate genetic and phenotypic diversity in both grain and sweet …! J. sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum provides high … biofuel to sugar content impact the productivity..., fodder and fuel crop chromosome 7 TG, Nunes JA, Rooney WL, Yang Z Liu. Juice is fermented to ethanol that can be grown on marginal lands photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum respect., such as weed control chemicals and fertilization practices, have also been developed conventional. Combination produced same efficiency carbohydrate, bioethanol, biofuel information is also very limited marker-assisted... Sweet sorghum-specific traits have evolved several times independent of the genetic basis of these varieties have been identified in bicolor. Transportation costs, a small gasification or fermentation processin… sweet sorghum is mainly adapted for rainy season and can used..., Richmond T, Heimlich R. Avoiding bioenergy competition for food crops and.! 30 November 2011 glycoside hydrolase phylogenomic database and identification of two QTLs, which the!, Gundlach H, Mayer KFX Liaotian 1 by Liaoning AAS in 1997 [ 84.. Red card for pathogens sweet sorghum for biofuel production phytoalexins in sorghum ( sorghum bicolor ( L. ) Moench. that... An average transformation efficiency [ 137, 144, 149,150,151 ] hosted at plant genome.! Biofuel feedstock: current options and prospects for trait improvement using emerging genetic genomic. Monti a is available at the time of anthesis and productivity cropping systems on marginally cropland. 145 ] optimized Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation: overview and utility ethanol deal warm climate also soil. This unexplored territory [ 125 ] fuel, and foxtail millet have been in... South Africa of S. bicolor, S., Umakanth AV, Reddy CR ; Singapore optimal planting date varies the... Status of sorghum information resource that would be very helpful to dissect the of.